The lesson is delivered not in a lecture hall, but in the quiet, implicit understanding between two autocrats. We see Xi Jinping offering Vladimir Putin a tour of a high-tech surveillance center in Shanghai. On a wall of screens, they watch the orderly, algorithmically managed flow of a city of 25 million people. Facial recognition systems track dissidents. Social credit scores reward compliant behavior. It is a vision of total information dominance, a society without dissent.
The narrative then cuts to Putin in a Kremlin security briefing. He is watching grainy footage of the "Maidan Revolution" in Ukraine, of protestors toppling the statue of Lenin. He sees not a popular uprising, but a "color revolution," a virus of chaos engineered and unleashed by the CIA.
The chapter culminates in a fictional but symbolic "masterclass." A senior Chinese Communist Party theorist is explaining the core principles of 21st-century survival to a visiting Russian official. The lessons are clear: Control the narrative at home; the internet is a battlefield, not a library. Purge any hint of "color revolution"; Western NGOs, independent media, and liberal ideas are pathogens. Build a surveillance state not just to punish dissent, but to predict and prevent it. And remember, the true enemy is not a country, but an idea: the universal concept of human rights and the dangerous illusion of individual liberty. The scene reveals the deep, paranoid ideological cement that binds the two regimes, a shared fear that translates into a shared strategy of repression.
29.1 Sovereignty Above All
Beyond the pragmatic and opportunistic geopolitics, the Sino-Russian partnership is anchored in a deeply shared ideology: a belief in the absolute supremacy of state sovereignty and a mutual, paranoid hostility towards liberal democracy. While not a formal military alliance, it is a robust "authoritarian axis" dedicated to making the world safe for their respective regimes. This shared worldview is based on a mutual defense of absolute state sovereignty, which they wield as a diplomatic and legal shield to reject any international criticism of their internal affairs, whether it be Russia's brutal conduct in Chechnya or China's mass internment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang. See citation[1].
29.2 A Shared Fear: "Color Revolutions"
The core psychological driver of this alignment is a shared, obsessive fear of "color revolutions"—the pro-democracy, popular uprisings that overthrew dictatorships in places like Georgia (Rose Revolution), Ukraine (Orange Revolution), and across the Arab Spring. Both Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping view these events not as genuine, grassroots movements, but as sophisticated, Western-backed subversion campaigns designed to ultimately topple their own regimes. See citation[2]. This shared paranoia informs their joint foreign policy, leading them to prop up other autocrats (like Assad in Syria) and to work in concert at the UN to undermine any international norms that could justify humanitarian intervention or democracy promotion.
29.3 The "Techno-Authoritarian" Model
This shared fear has led to a shared solution: the development of a sophisticated "techno-authoritarian" model of governance. While Russia has long employed tools like its SORM (System for Operative Investigative Activities) for digital surveillance, China has perfected the model on an industrial scale with its "Great Firewall" and its pervasive, AI-driven social credit and facial recognition systems. See citation[3]. Both regimes see technology not as a tool for liberation, but primarily as an instrument for social control, domestic surveillance, and the suppression of dissent. They actively export these tools and tactics to other authoritarian states, creating a technological ecosystem of repression that is firewalled from the Western internet.
29.4 A Pact Against Democracy
This deep ideological alignment was formally codified in their February 4, 2022, joint declaration. In it, they jointly declared that "democracy is a universal human value... and it is only up to the people of the country to decide whether their State is a democratic one." See citation[4]. This was a direct, coordinated assault on the very idea of universal democratic standards, an attempt to redefine the word "democracy" to include their own repressive, single-party systems. It is the ideological foundation upon which their geopolitical "no-limits friendship" is built.
Bartholet, J., and B. Allen-Ebrahimian. "Report to Congress of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission." U.S. Government Publishing Office, November 2023.
Len, Christopher, and Graham Allison. "Xi and Putin Have a Coup-Proofing Pact." The National Interest, September 20, 2022. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/xi-and-putin-have-coup-proofing-pact-204858
Roberts, Dexter. "The Rise of Digital Authoritarianism." The Atlantic, October 23, 2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/10/china-digital-authoritarianism-surveillance/573523/
Kremlin. "Joint Statement of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on the International Relations Entering a New Era and the Global Sustainable Development." February 4, 2022. http://www.en.kremlin.ru/supplement/5770